Biology

Journal Articles and Books

For the in-text reference, use parentheses and list author(s) by surname followed by year of publication.

(Author(s) Year)

• When there are 2 authors, separate the names by an "and"
• When there are 3 or more authors, only write the first author's last name and follow it with "et al."

Example: https://usd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00359-020-01410-0

In text citation: (Schillberg et al. 2020)

Book Chapters

Similar to journal articles and books, for the in-text reference, use parentheses and list author(s) by surname followed by year of publication. 

• IF the book chapter has different authors than the book as a whole, the author name(s) you list are those who wrote the chapter

Journal Articles

For the end reference, list authors in the order in which they appear in the original text. The year of publication follows the author list. Use periods to separate each element, including author(s), date of publication, article and journal title, and volume or issue information. Location (usually the page range for the article) is preceded by a colon. Follow the location with a notes section. This is where you include the doi. 

AuthorLastName AuthorInitial, Date. Article title. Journal title. [date accessed];Volume(issue):location. Notes

Example: https://usd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00359-020-01410-0

Citation: Schillberg P, Brill S, Nikolay P, Ferger R, Gerhard M, Führ H, Wagner H. 2020. Sound localization in barn owls studied with manipulated head-related transfer functions: beyond broadband interaural time and level differences. J Comp Physiol A. [accessed January 31, 2020]; 206:477–498.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-020-01410-0

Books

In the end reference, separate information about author(s), date, title, edition, and publication by periods. The basic format is as follows:

Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Location of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes.

• Extent can include information about pagination or number of volumes and is considered optional.
• Notes can include information of interest to the reader, such as language of publication other than English; such notes are optional.

Example: https://usd-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1ov3olg/01SDBOR_ALMA7125478070003641

Citation: Council of Science Editors. Style Manual Committee. 2014. Scientific style and format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers. 8th edition. Chicago (IL):Council of Science Editors in cooperation with the University of Chicago Press. 1-722.

You can search here for the standardised abbreviations used for words in scientific citations.

• It is based on ISO 4.
• It contains
  • the title words of periodicals identified by the ISSN Network, and
  • the corresponding abbreviations

You can search here for an incomplete list of journal abbrevations 

• It is limited to journals referenced or indexed in the NCBI catalog

Journal Articles and Books

For the in-text reference, use parentheses and list author(s) by surname followed by year of publication. Separate the names and year with a comma)

(Author(s), Year)

• When there are 2 authors, separate the names by an "&". Still include the comma between the last name and the year.
• When there are 3 or more authors, only write the first author's last name and follow it with "et al." Include the comma after the period in et al.

Example: https://usd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00359-020-01410-0

In text citation: (Schillberg et al., 2020)

Book Chapters

Similar to journal articles and books, for the in-text reference, use parentheses and list author(s) by surname followed by year of publication. 

• IF the book chapter has different authors than the book as a whole, the author name(s) you list are those who wrote the chapter

Journal Articles

For the end reference, list authors in the order in which they appear in the original text. The year of publication follows the author list. Use periods to separate each element, including author(s), date of publication, article and journal title. Then separate the journal title, volume or issue information, and page range woth commas.. Location (usually the doi formatted as a URL) is preceded by a period.

Author1's LastName, Author1's initials. (Date). Article title. Journal title, Volume(issue), Page Range.DOI. 

Example: https://usd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00359-020-01410-0

Citation: Schillberg, P., Brill, S., Nikolay, P., Ferger, R., Gerhard, M., Führ, H., & Wagner, H. (2020). Sound localization in barn owls studied with manipulated head-related transfer functions: Beyond broadband interaural time and level differences. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 206, 477–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-020-01410-0

****This citation does not have an issue number so it only has a volume number

Books

In the end reference, separate information about author(s), date, title, edition, and publication by periods. The basic format is as follows:

Author1's LastName, Author1's initials. (Date). Title. Publisher. ​​​​​​​

Example: https://usd-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/183ctmt/TN_cdi_proquest_ebookcentral_EBC5844280 

Citation: Deiters, A. (2019). Optochemical biology. Elsevier Science & Technology.

This article from our catalog details the changes made from the 6th to the 7th edition of the APA Style Manual. Click on the title to be directed to the catalog record. From there, you can access the full text

The APA Publication Manual: Changes in the Seventh Edition