6.14 Proper Nouns and Trade Names
Capitalize the following:
Do NOT capitalize:
Instead, reword the sentence
Source: American Psychological Association (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: the official guide to APA style (7th ed): American Psychological Association.
6.32 Numbers Expressed in Numerals
Use numerals (1, 2, 3....) to express the numbers...
10 and above | 10 | |||
167 | ||||
1,824 | ||||
that immediately precede a unit of measurement | a 5-mg dose | |||
with 10.5 cm of | ||||
that represent statistical or mathematical functions, fractional or decimal quantities, percentages, ratios, and percentiles and quartiles |
3 times as many | |||
0.33 of the sample | ||||
a ratio of 16:1 | ||||
that represent time, dates, ages, scores and points on a scale, exact sums of money, and numerals as numerals |
5 days | |||
1:30 am | ||||
received 5 on a 7 point scale | ||||
that denote a specific place in a numbered series and parts of books and tables. |
Number after a noun: Year 1, Grade 10 |
|||
Number before a noun: the 1st year, the 10th grade |
6.33 Numbers Expressed in Words
Use words to express the following:
numbers zero through nine | 0. 1 ... 8, 9 |
any number that begins a sentence, title or heading. |
Fifty percent of students |
fourteen people participated | |
common fractions | one-fifth of the class |
two-thirds majority | |
universally accepted usage | Twelve Apostles |
Five Pillars of Islam |
Source: American Psychological Association (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: the official guide to APA style (7th ed): American Psychological Association.
4.16 First- Versus Third-Person Pronouns
4.17 Editorial "We"
4.17 Singular "They"
How to rewrite a sentence
Strategy | Gender Biased | Gender Neutral |
Rephrasing |
When an individual attends psychotherapy, she can improve emotional regulation. | When an individual attends psychotherapy, that person can improve emotional regulation. |
Therapy can help an individual improve emotional regulation. | ||
Using plural nouns or plural pronouns | A therapist who is too much like his client can lose his objectivity. | Therapists who are too much like their clients can lose their objectivity. |
Replacing the pronoun with an article | A researcher must apply for his grant by September 1. | A researcher must apply for the grant by September 1. |
Dropping the pronoun | The researcher must avoid letting her own biases and expectations influence the interpretation of results | The researcher must avoid letting biases and expectations influence the interpretation of the results. |
Source: American Psychological Association (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: the official guide to APA style (7th ed): American Psychological Association.
6.25 Definition of Abbreviations*
Definition in the Text
When you first use a term that you want to abbreviate in the text, present both the full version of the term and the abbreviation. When the full version of a term is.....
...used for the first time in a heading, do not define the abbreviation in the heading; instead, define the abbreviation when the full version next appears. You can use abbreviations in headings ONLY if the abbreviations have been previously used |
|
...used first in a sentence in the text, place the abbreviation in parentheses after it | attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
...used first in parenthetical text, place the abbreviation in square brackets after it | (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) |
... accompanied by a citation, include the citation after the abbreviation, separated with a semicolon. If in parenthesis, again use the square brackets |
Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck et al., 1996) (Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II]; Beck et al., 1996) |
*Note: In this case, acronyms fall under abbreviations, which is why the term abbreviation vs acronym is being used
Source: American Psychological Association (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: the official guide to APA style (7th ed): American Psychological Association.
When posing questions in scholarly papers, you are expected to answer them. Rhetorical questions are not encouraged as transitions in papers, as by definition rhetorical questions do not require answers
Image by Arek Socha from Pixabay
A "Peer Reviewed" or "Refereed" journal refers to the policy that when a manuscript is submitted for publication, it must be sent out to others in the same field to get an expert opinion on the scholarship of the research or contribution to the field.
The quickest way to find out if a journal is peer-reviewed/refereed is to look at Ulrich's Periodical Directory. If a journal in question is not on Ulrich's list, then look at the physical journal, or the journal's website, for its editorial policy, instructions to authors, and/or submission or publication requirements to help determine if the journal is peer-reviewed/refereed.
To access Ulrich's Periodical Dictionary, go to the One Search bar on the library home page (https://www.usd.edu/library) and select Ulrich's Periodical Dictionary from the drop-down menu. For direct access, follow this link: https://usd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://ulrichsweb.serialssolutions.com/
Using Ulrich's
Once in Ulrich's, type the name, or acronym, of the serial (journal) and look for an icon that resembles a referee's jersey. Ulrich uses the terms peer-reviewed and refereed interchangeably, so the icon represents both terms. If the referee jersey icon is not present next to a journal, then it does not go through the peer-review process.
Finding Peer-Reviewed Articles
Some databases (i.e., CINAHL and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) give you the option of filtering your search for articles in peer-reviewed journals only. Other databases (i.e., PubMed) do not have a filter to search only peer-reviewed journals; in these cases, you will want to check the journal name in Ulrich's or search the journal's website, for its editorial policy, instructions to authors, and/or submission or publication requirements to help determine is the journal is refereed and/or peer-reviewed.
libncsu. (2014, May 1). Peer Review in 3 Minutes. [Video] Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOCQZ7QnoN0